Lubricant



\ further aggravate such conditions.

Patented Jan. '23, 1945 LUBRICANT Robert D. Herlocker, Hammond, and Milton Paul Kleinholz, East Chicago, Ind., and Franklin M.

Watkins, Chicago,

fining Compa y, New York, N. Y.,

of Maine No Drawings.

IlL, assignors to" Sinclair Rea corporation Application April 24.194 erial No. 484,467

scinims; (01. 252-51) This invention relates to an improved turbine oil. It relates more particularly to a lubricating oil composition consisting principally of a petro leum lubricating oil, the characteristics of the oil being modified by the addition thereto of a relatively small proportion of morpholinomethylq b-naphthol.

A lubricating oil composition turbine oil, and especially in modern marine steam turbines, is subject to very exacting requirements. Not only must it perform the or-' dinary function of lubricating the turbine over prolonged periods without interruption but usualiy it must serve as a coolant, to lubricate the gearing mechanism andto operate oil-actuated governors or control mechanisms having very nice tolerances and lubricate other auxiliary equipment.

Many lubricating oil compositions highly satisfactory for the lubrication of other mechanisms have been found wholly unsuitable for use as a turbine oil. This is probably'due primarily to the fact that in normal use turbine oils rapidly become contaminated with water. Whatever the cause, it is generally recognized that the performance of a turbine oil is not predictable from con ventional tests applicable to other oil lubricants.

Essential characteristics of a satisfactory turbine oil include, in addition to ordinary lubricating requirements. extraordinary resistance to oxidation and emulsion in the presence of water. Of equal importance is the avoidance bi rusting of the metal parts within-the oil system of the turbine and auxiliary apparatus under operating conditions.

The use of many lubricatingoil compositions,

otherwise satisfactory as turbine oils, has re-- sulted in the oxidation of the oil and the rusting of metal parts within the oil system with consequent serious interference with the operation 'of the rusting-appear to catalyze oxidation of the oil with resultant sludge formation which may The products of such rusting also appear to act as emulsifying agents. 1

We have found that the previously experienced rusting of metal parts within the oil system in steam turbines and the oxidation of the turbine oil itself may be substantially inhibited by incor- 55 which has been poratlng in-the oil a minor amount of mor-' pholinomethyl-b-naphthol.

to be usedias a The herein-referred-to morpholinomethyl-bnaphthol-used in compounding the improved turbine oil of our present invention was prepared as follows: In a i-liter, s-necked flask equipped with a thermometer, dropping funnel and a mo-' tor-driven stirrer there were placed 72 grams (0.5 mol.) of beta-naphtha] and 100;9 grams (1.16 mols.) of morpholine. The solution was cooled to 68 F. and 89.2 grams of .f 'ormal in(1.1 mols. formaldehyde) was added dropwise over a period of minutes while stirring and cooling. A solid separated from the solution, which interfered with the stirring and which was broken up by Name]. Stirring of the reaction mixture was continued for 2 hours while a temperature of 8!) Ffwas maintained.-

The mixture was then heated on a steam bath for 3 hours using-a reflux condenser to return volatile constituents to the flask. Thereafte moisture and unreacted materials were distilled from the reaction mixture by heating on an oil bath at an absolute pressure of 9.3 of mercury, the temperature of the oil both being 290' F. .The residue solidified very rapidly to a light yellow solid having a melting point Milli-109 C. an containing 5.68% nitrogen, Recrystallization of this crude morpholinomethyl-b-naphthol residue from methyl alcohol resulted in'a white. solid melting -at 112-1135' 0. and containing 5.88% nitrogen as compared with a theoretical nitrogen content of 5.76%' for the pure morvpholinomethyl-b-naphthol.

Analysis of the product showed it to be the monomorpholinomethyl-beta-naphthol' and not the expected dimorpholinomethyl-beta-naphthol. The yield of the crude product melting at 101- 109 C. was 122 grams which is equivalent to of the theoretical yield.

In referring to morpholinomethyl-beta-naphthol herein and in the appended claims, we refer to the above-described product although, of course. weintend to refer'by this term to the same material by whatever process it may be made. It will be understood that our invention is not predicated upon the identification of the addend as a matter of terminology.

The lubricating oil constituent of our improved turbine oil may consist of a petroleum lubricating fraction, such as ordinarily specified for turbine oils. It may with advantage be a highly refined lubricating oil, for instance an acidtreated petroleum lubricating oil, fraction orpne tlonwehavefoundthe such as a phenol-treated fraction from East Texas crude. The solvent-refined oils have generally been found more resistant to sludging. For

example, phenol-treated East Texas neutrals hav- The steam emulsion numbers appearing in the foregoing tabulation were determined in accordance with the method designated "Standard method oLtesting for steam emulsion of lubricatingoils, A. S. T. M., D157-36."

The demulsibility values appearing in the foregoing tabulation were determined in accordance with the method designated Demulsibility test for lubricating oils prescribed by Federal Standard StockCatalog, section I V (part Federal Specifications for Lubricants and Liquid Fuels, General Specifications (Methods for Sampling and Testing), W-L791d, October 2, 1934,

Method 32 0.32." 1

- The unique requirements of a turbine oil have resulted in the formulation of special test methhereinafter noted, were obtained in accordance with methods prescribed by the American Society of Testing Materials and designated, respectively, A. S. T. M. specification D-665-42T for turbine oils and Proposed method for determining oxidation characteristicsvof turbine oils, section III, Technical Committee 0, A. S. T. M. Committee D-2, July 2, 1941.

By incorporating a minor proportion of the above-identified addend in a suitable lubricating oil constituent,- oxidation of the oil under conditions towhich turbine oils are subjected is materially inhibited. Depending upon the severity .of the oxidation conditions involved, including temperature, access of air to the oil, amount of water present and the amount of salt or the like in the oil, the proportion 'of the addend usedmay with advantage be varied from about 0.05% to about 1% by weight of the oil. 4

For example, the oxidation induction period of the East Texas phenol-treated neutral previously identified herein as Sample I was found by the previously identified test for determining the oxidation characteristics of turbine oil to be 0 crude morpholinomethyl-beta-naphthol, the oxidation induction period 01 the resultant turbine oil was increased to 300 hours. Similarly deter-' mined, the oxidation induction period of the oil previously identified herein as Sample II was 150 "hours and, by compounding with this 011 0.8% of the crude l-be'ta-naphthol, the oxidation induction-period was increased to 050 In human ze simmnmny inhibiting oxidato materially reduce rusting of the metal par within the oil system of steam turbines. in example, the previously-identified oil Sample when subjected to the previously-identified rus ing test for turbine oils, resulted in therustir of 75% to 100% of thesuri'ace of the above spec men. By adding to this oil 0.5% of the crud morpholinomethyl-beta-naphthol and subjectir the oil composition to the identical test, only small portion of the surface'of the'test specime showed indications of rusting.

The ability of the addend of the present inver tion eirectively to-inhibit oxidation of turbine 01 is unexpected and not readily accounted to This is particularly evident from the fact thi other similar chemical compounds have be found to be either inert or pro-oxidants undl conditions encountered by turbine oils. Examplu 01' such compounds found to be ineffective anti oxidants in turbine oils are morpholinc methyl-phenol and morpholinomethyl-p-tert amylphenol.

In the compounding of our improved turbin oil, a small, amount of the above-identified ad dend', either in the crude or purified form, is ad mixed with a suitable petroleum lubricating o in the conventionalmanner of compounding suc oil compositions. In addition to the lubricatin ods for determination or the characteristics 0: the oil with respect to rusting and oxidation. The results of rusting tests and oxidation tests,v

:hours. By compoimding with this oi10.5% oi the oil constituent and the addend previously de scribed, various other. addition agents having th ability favorably to influence the characteristic of the turbine oil may be incorporated in th improved turbine oil oi. our present invention fur ther to improve the properties thereof in variot respects.

A further essential characteristic of turbine oil is that they do not form objectionable emulsion under conditions of use. Consequently in th compounding of such oils it is necessary to avoi the use of addends which might deleteriousl affect the emulsibillty of the oil. A further ad vantage of our improved-turbine oil is that th desirable emulsifying characteristics of the has oil are not destroyed bythe addition of the mar pholinomethyl-b-naphthol. I

A further notable characteristic of our im proved turbine 011 is its ability to withstand con tamination'by water without material separatioi of the addend from the oil or substantial deteri oration of the addend itself.

As previously noted; depending upon condition of use, the addend may with advantage be use in proportions ranging from about 0.05% to 1% on the weight of the oil. Proportions in exces of 1% 'may be used but the use of such large proportions has not usuall been found war ranted. Though proportions less than 0.05% ma; be used, such smaller proportions are usually no 'sufllciently efiective. Accordingly, portions rang ing from about 0.05% to about 1% are general];

recommended. j

We' claim:

, 1. An improvedturbine oil which comprises i petroleum lubricating oil containing a proportioi oi morphollnomethyl-beta-naphthol efiectlvet retard rusting.

of 0,0 I 0.

2. An improved turbine oil which comprises petroleum lubricating 011 containing about 0.059 to about 1% oi morpholinomethyl-beta-naphthoj 3. An improved turbine oil which comprises, petroleum. lubricating oil containing about 0.

ethyl-beta-naphthd ROBERT D. I

HILTON PAUL KLIINHOLZ.

' FRANKLIN LL WATKINS, 

